(1a)
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves

(1b)
(i)Dark red color
(ii)Smooth texture
(iii)Irregular shape

(1c)
(i)metabolizing nutrients and detoxifying harmful substances.
(ii)stores essential nutrients such as vitamins and minerals.
(iii)regulate blood sugar levels and cholesterol levels.

(1cii)
Spec D. Grinding: The gizzard helps grind food particles before digestion.
Spec E. Absorption: The intestine absorbs nutrients from digested food.

(1ciii)
Spec D; possession of grit
Spec E; possession of large surface area

(1d)
TABULATE
Under observation
(i)red litmus turn blue
(ii)No effect on blue litmus

-Under inference-
(i) Alkaline
(ii)Not acidic

(1dii)
(i)emulsification of fats
(ii)Give forces it’s colour
(iii) Digestion

(1ei)
Digestive system

(1eii)
D

(1fi)
Heterotrophic

(1fii)
Maize

(2a)
(i)for propagation
(ii)serve as storage organ
(iii)For photosynthesis
(iv)For gaseous exchange

(2bi)
Spec F; for propagation
Spec K; serve as storage organ

(2bii)
Spec F; it is reproductive in nature
Spec K; due to the nature of it surface

(2biii)
Spec F; root
Spec K; stem

(2c)
TABULATE
Under: Spec F;
(i)small size
(ii)Presence of nodes
(iii) terminal bod id present
(iv) Absence of adventurous root

Under: Spec K;
(i)big size
(ii)Absence of node
(iii)terminal bod is absent
(iv)presence of adventurous root

(2cii)
Grey colour

(2d)

(3a)
L- chest (middle portion of there)

Q- Lower back region of the Spine

(3bi)
TABULATE
(PICK ANY FOUR)
L || Q

UNDER L
(i) Smaller and have a heart-shaped body
UNDER Q
(i) Larger and have a kidney -Shaped body

UNDER L
(ii) occur after the Cervical vertebra
UNDER Q
(ii) occur below the thoracic vertebrae

UNDER L
(iii) Transverse processes are fairly large
UNDER Q
(iii) Transverse processes are lage and blunt

UNDER L
(iv) Curve in the posterior direction
UNDER Q
(iv) Curve in the anterior direction

UNDER L
(v) intervertebral disk is thin
UNDER Q
(v) intervertebral disk is massive

(3bii)
(i) Both have a Single Spinous process projecting Posteriorly.
(ii) Both have Superior and inferior articular.
(iii) Both posseses a pair tranverse processes.
(iv) Both have a vertebral arch.

(3ci)
Spec M; scapula
Spec P; fibula

(3cii)
Spec L; cervical, slumber
Spec Q; thoracic, sacral

(3d)